https://brunomj.medium.com/net-5-0-web-api-global-error-handling-6c29f91f8951

public class GlobalErrorHandlingMiddleware
{
    private readonly RequestDelegate _next;

    public GlobalErrorHandlingMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
    {
        _next = next;
    }

    public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
    {
        try
        {
            await _next.Invoke(context);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            var response = context.Response;
            response.ContentType = "application/json";
            response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;

            var errorResponse = new
            {
                message = ex.Message,
                statusCode = response.StatusCode
            };

            var errorJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(errorResponse);

            await response.WriteAsync(errorJson);
        }
    }
}

// Startup.cs
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
{
    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    }
    app.UseRouting();
    app.UseAuthorization();

    // register middleware
    app.UseMiddleware<GlobalErrorHandlingMiddleware>();

    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
    {
        endpoints.MapControllers();
    });
}